Labour Day(劳动节)

节日简介】　　国际劳动节又称“五一国际劳动节”、“国际示威游行日”(International Labor Day或May Day)，是世界上大多数国家的劳动节。定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界“劳动者”共同拥有的节日。　
　　五一国际劳动节源于美国芝加哥城的工人大罢工。1886年5月1日，芝加哥的216816名工人为争取实行八小时工作制而举行大罢工，经过艰苦的流血斗争，终于获得了胜利。为纪念这次伟大的工人运动，1889年7月第二国际宣布将每年的五月一日定为国际劳动节。这一决定立即得到世界各国工人的积极响应。1890年5月1日，欧美各国的工人阶级率先走向街头，举行盛大的示威游行与集会，争取合法权益。从此，每逢这一天世界各国的劳动人民都要集会、游行，以示庆祝，并公众放假。
[编辑本段]【节日起源】　　五一劳动节资料
　　当时，美国和欧洲的许多国家，逐步由帝国主义发展到资本主义阶段，为了刺激经济的高速发展，榨取更多的剩余价值，以维护这个高速运转的资本主义机器，资本家不断采取增加劳动时间和劳动强度的办法来残酷地剥削工人。
　　在美国，工人们每天要劳动14至16个小时，有的甚至长达18个小时，但工资却很低。马萨诸塞州一个鞋厂的监工曾经说过这样的话：“让一个身强力壮体格健全的18岁小伙子，在这里的任何一架机器旁边工作，我能够使他在22岁时头发变成灰白。”沉重的阶级压迫激起了无产者巨大的愤怒。他们知道，要争取生存的条件，就只有团结起来，通过罢工运动与资本家作斗争。工人们提出的罢工口号，就是要求实行八小时工作制。
　　1877年，美国历史上第一次全国罢工开始了。工人阶级走向街头游行示威，向政府提出改善劳动与生活条件，要求缩短工时，实行八小时工作制。罢工不久，队伍日渐扩大，工会会员人数激增，各地工人也纷纷参加了罢工运动。
　　在工人运动的强大压力下，美国国会虽然被迫制定了八小时工作制的法律。但是，狠毒的资本家根本不予理睬，这项法律只不过是一纸空文，工人们仍然是生活在水深火热之中，倍受资本家的折磨。忍无可忍的工人们决定将这场争取生存权利的斗争，推向一个新的高潮，准备举行更大规模的罢工运动。
　　1884年10月，美国和加拿大的八个国际性和全国性工人团体，在美国芝加哥举行一个集会，决定于1886年5月1日举行总罢工，迫使资本家实施八小时工作制。这一天终于来到了。5月1日，美国2万多个企业的35万工人停工上街，举行了声势浩大的示威游行，各种肤色，各个工种的工人一齐进行总罢工。仅芝加哥一个城市，就有4．5万名工人涌上街头。这下，美国的主要工业部门处于瘫痪状态，火车变成了僵蛇，商店更是鸦雀无声，所有的仓库也都关门并贴上封条。当时在罢工工人中流行着一首“八小时之歌”，歌中唱道：
　　“我们要把世界变个样，我们厌倦了白白的辛劳，光得到仅能糊口的工饷，从没有时间让我们去思考。我们要闻闻花香，我们要晒晒太阳，我们相信：上帝只允许八小时工作日。我们从船坞、车间和工厂，召集了我们的队伍，争取八小时工作，八小时休息，八小时归自己！”
　　激昂的歌声唱出了工人的心声，唱出了全世界无产者的共同愿望，也感染了广大的群众，他们纷纷声援工人的罢工运动，将罢工运动推向新的高潮。罢工运动所表现的巨大力量使政府当局和资本家极为恐慌，他们不甘心答应工人的条件，便露出他们狰狞的一面。5月3日，芝加哥政府当局终于撕下了“民主”的假面具，用暴力镇压工人。他们组织罢工破坏者在警察的保护下混进工人的罢工队伍，故意制造混乱，以此为借口，当场开枪打死六个工人。这一暴行，激起了全市工人的极大愤慨，他们决心为死难的工人兄弟们报仇！
　　此项活动由非政府国际工人联合会组织，活动的中心在芝加哥，商人和政府对这次活动愈来愈表现出的革命性感到恐惧，当地商界首脑要求增加警察和军队的数量。芝加哥商业俱乐部购买了2000美元的枪支用于警戒对付这次罢工，5月1日这次游行活动得到了芝加哥纺织工人、鞋工人、房屋装修工人很大的支持，5月3日，警察开始向罢工的人群开火，打死打伤四人，一些非政府人士号召第二天在广场集会严重抗议政府的暴力镇压。
　　这场集会的过程中没有发生什么事件，但在最后一位演讲者登上讲台时，天下起了雨，广场上只剩下几百人，180名警察进入广场疏散人群，这时一颗炸弹飞向警察中间，炸死一名，炸伤七名警察，警察立即向人群开火，打死一名打伤多名群众。
　　由于无法断定是谁扔的炸弹，这个事件成了攻击劳动节游行活动的把柄，警察查抄怀疑对象的家和办公室，有数百人在未指控下被逮捕，尤其是那些此次活动的领导者被袭击，8名芝加哥活动的积极倡导者被指控涉嫌广场炸弹事件和企图谋反，法庭在证据不足的情况下开庭审判，判决其中4人于1887年11月11日绞刑。(另一名自杀于狱中，其它三名直到1893年才被释放)。
[编辑本段]【节日意义】　　1886年五月一日的这场斗争虽然被镇压了，但此后各国工人阶级的不断斗争，终于赢得了“8小时工作制”和“五一劳动节”。这一节日，将永远伴随着全世界劳动者，成为劳动者权益的保障。劳动者通过斗争，用顽强、英勇不屈的奋斗精神，争取到了自己的合法权益，是人类文明、民主的历史性进步。
　　为纪念这次伟大的工人运动,1889年7月，在恩格斯组织召开的第二国际成立大会上宣布将每年的五月一日定为国际劳动节，简称“五一”。这一决定立即得到世界各国工人的积极响应。1890年5月1日,欧美各国的工人阶级率先走向街头,举行盛大的示威游行与集会,争取合法权益。从此，每逢这一天,世界各国的劳动人民都要集会、游行,以示庆祝。
[编辑本段]【中国节日】　　
起源　　　中国人民庆祝劳动节的活动可追溯至1918年。这一年，一些革命的知识分子在上海、苏州、杭州、汉口等地向群众散发介绍“五一”的传单。
　　1920年5月1日,北京、上海、广州、九江、唐山等各工业城市的工人群众浩浩荡荡地走向街市、举行了声势浩大的游行、集会。李大钊专门在《新青年》上发表了《“五一”运动史》，介绍“五一”节的来历和美法等国工人纪念“五一”的活动，号召中国工人把这年的“五一”作为觉醒的日期。陈独秀也为庆祝这个节日发表了《上海厚生纱厂湖南女工问题》一文，揭露资本家剥削工人剩余价值的真相。陈独秀又在上海船务栈房工界联合会作了《劳苦者的觉悟》的演说，阐明了“劳动创造世界”、“做工的人最有用最贵重”的观点。在北京，一些青年外出宣传，散发《五月一日劳工宣言》，唤起工人为反对剥削、争取自身权利而斗争。这是中国首次纪念“五一”国际劳动节的活动，也是中国历史上的第一个“五一”劳动节。
　　1921年“五一”前夕，在北京的共产主义小组成员邓中夏等人创办的长辛店劳动补习学校里，工人们学唱《五一纪念歌》。其歌词是：“美哉自由，世界明星，拼吾热血，为他牺牲，要把强权制度一切扫除净，记取五月一日之良辰。红旗飞舞，走光明路，各尽所能，各取所需，不分贫富贵贱，责任唯互助，愿大家努力齐进取。”这首雄壮有力的歌，是由长辛店劳动实习学校的教员和北京大学的进步学生共同创编而成的。
　　1999年9月，国务院改革出台新的法定休假制度，每年国庆节、春节和“五一”法定节日加上调休，全国放假7天。从此，3个“黄金周”掀起的旅游消费热成为我国经济生活的新亮点，假日经济成为人们津津乐道的新话题。已基本形成。从2007年11月9日开始，经过多方研究论证比较的国家法定节假日调整方案在人民网、新华网、国家发改委网站，以及新浪、搜狐等网站上予以公布，开展民意调查。调整的内容主要包括，春节放假起始时间由农历年正月初一调整为除夕；“五一”由7天调整为3天，减少4天；清明、端午、中秋增设为法定节假日，各放假1天。五一黄金周也将成为历史。
意义　　　国际劳动节的意义在于劳动者通过斗争，用顽强、英勇不屈的奋斗精神，争取到了自己的合法权益，是人类文明民主的历史性进步，这才是五一劳动节的精髓所在。所以，人们才这么注重劳动节。
新生　　　新中国成立以后,中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月将5月1日定为法定的劳动节,全国放假一天。每年的这一天,举国欢庆,人们换上节日的盛装,兴高采烈地聚集在公园、剧院、广场,参加各种庆祝集会或文体娱乐活动,并对有突出贡献的劳动者进行表彰。
[编辑本段]【节日庆祝】　　一年一度的“五一”国际劳动节又到了，为了纪念这个全世界劳动人民团结战斗的节日，世界各国一般都会举行相应的庆祝活动。不过，并不是所有国家都将5月1日定为劳动节，那些同过“五一”的国家，具体的庆祝方式和习惯也大不相同，我们不妨一起来看看其他一些国家是怎么度过劳动节。
　　泰国——
　　在“五一”全国统一放假一天，在首都以及一些大城市会有相关的庆祝活动，不过规模一般都不会太大。今年泰国1日放假，2日补休。
　　俄罗斯——
　　5月1-3日全国放假，届时各政党都会齐聚红场进行演讲等，普通市民会举行游行。
　　德国——
　　1日放假一天，今年周末和五一节重合，但德国也只休一天，并不会补休。据悉，每年德国很多人都会借五一这个机会闹事，抗议政府，要求减税。今年也不例外，从30日就有骚乱发生持续到1日，很多超市被抢，汽车被砸、烧。
　　秘鲁——
　　1日放假，2日补休。没有什么庆祝活动。
　　波兰——
　　1日放假，由于3日是波兰国庆节，有的单位会从1日休到3日。5月1日时，波兰全国工会协议会、民主左派联盟党、社会民主党、劳动联盟等左派团体和政党举行了庆祝“五一”群众游行活动，游行队伍打着“8小时工作日”等标语。
　　美国——
　　恰逢周末，美国30日、1日都休假，但以往都只在1日休假一天，没什么庆祝活动。
　　意大利——
　　意大利尽管承认“五一”国际劳动节，政府也表示尊重劳工，但一般人并不举行专门的庆祝活动，也没有全国性的“五一”假期。
　　墨西哥——
　　今年5月1日也是墨西哥的儿童节，但墨西哥没有全国性的休假。以前有过在五一这天工人罢工或游行等活动，但今年没有。
[编辑本段]【相关话题】　　
特别五一　　　五月劳动节的起源，除欧洲之外，也有“劳动节”这一节日。比如美国，但美国的劳动节不是五一，而是每年的 9 月 2 日 ，即所谓的 Labour Day ，直译的话应该是“工人节”或“劳工节”，虽然，“五一劳动节”的起源是在 19 世纪的美国。
　　那是 1886 年，美国工潮的中心是芝加哥。 5 月 1 日 的全国性大罢工使美国的经济陷于瘫痪。 3 年后，也就是 1889 年，在巴黎召开的国际工人大会将 5 月 1 日 定为“国际劳动节”，以纪念以芝加哥为主导的美国工人大罢工。此后， 5 月 1 日 便成了全球性工人团结的象征。
严肃的和狂欢的劳动节　　　离五一劳动节原意最近的莫过于亚洲一些国家工会组织的争取劳工权利的五月集会。在菲律宾和泰国，每当 5 月 1 日 ，工会便组织人们上街游行为提高工资和争取基本权利而斗争。
　　再来看南美巴西的“五月劳动节”。工会出面组织游行集会，但参与的人却多半是普通老百姓。这一节日持续一周之久。人们身着色彩鲜艳的服装，情绪昂扬，载歌载舞。知情者，知道这是一场为正义、就业和提高工资而进行的斗争；不知情者还以为这是巴西的狂欢节呢！
“五一”加班　　　“五一”黄金周马上就到了，对于节日期间加班加点的上班族来说，付出劳动后应该得到多少报酬？从劳动保障监察机构获悉，由于今年4月1日起调整了最低工资标准，因此今年“五一”黄金周期间加班工资的最低标准也相应得到提高。
　　新最低加班工资计算方法
　　实行月薪制的劳动者，用人单位在支付加班加点工资时，其日工资的计算方法可统一按劳动者本人的月工资标准除以月制度工作天数进行折算。职工全年月平均工作天数为20.92天，月平均工作时间为167.4小时，职工的日工资和小时工资应按此进行折算。
　　按照本市新公布的最低月工资670元计算，日工资标准约为670元÷20.92天32.03元/日；小时工资约为32.03元÷8小时4元/小时。5月1日至3日，职工每加班1天(8小时)，其加班工资计算公式为32.03元×300%×1天96.09元/日；如5月4日至7日加班，用人单位应首先安排劳动者补休，不能安排补休的，1天(8小时)的加班工资公式为32.03元×200%×1天64.06元/日。
　　300%加班工资如何确定
　　按照《劳动法》和《天津市工资支付规定》，就今年“五一”黄金周而言，前3天是法定休假日，也就是在5月1日、2日、3日加班的劳动者，企业应按照不低于劳动者本人日工资或小时工资的300%支付加班工资。后4天是休息日，也就是在5月4日、5日、6日、7日加班的，用人单位应首先安排劳动者补休，不能安排补休的，按照不低于劳动者本人日工资或小时工资的200%支付加班工资。
　　另外，计算加班工资的基数不得低于劳动者所在岗位应得的工资报酬；若低于本市最低工资标准，则以本市新的最低工资标准作为基数。此外，实行计件工资的劳动者，在“五一”法定休假日工作的，按不低于法定工作时间计件单价的300%支付工资报酬；在休息日工作的，按不低于法定工作时间计件单价的200%支付工资报酬。
　　用人单位不能强迫加班
　　用人单位不能强迫劳动者加班。用人单位由于生产经营需要，经与工会和劳动者协商后可以延长工作时间，一般每日不得超过1小时；因特殊原因需要延长工作时间的，在保障劳动者身体健康的条件下，延长工作时间每日不得超过3小时，但是每月不得超过36小时。如果用人单位违反了上述规定，劳动者有权拒绝加班。
　　另外，对怀孕7个月以上的女职工，用人单位不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。不得安排女职工在哺乳未满一周岁的婴儿期间从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和哺乳期禁忌从事的其他劳动，不得安排其延长工作时间和夜班劳动。
　　在特殊条件下，用人单位要求劳动者延长工作时间的，劳动者不能拒绝：一是发生自然灾害、事故或者因其他原因，威胁劳动者生命健康和财产安全，需要紧急处理的；二是生产设备、交通运输线路、公共设施发生故障，影响生产和公众利益，必须及时抢修的；三是法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。
　　综合计算工时如何付加班工资
　　经劳动保障行政部门批准实行综合计算工时工作制的用人单位，在综合计算周期内总实际工作时间超过总法定标准工作时间的部分，视为延长工作时间，应按照不低于本人小时工资的150%支付加班工资；法定休假日安排劳动者工作的，应按照不低于本人日工资或小时工资的300%支付加班工资。
　　经劳动保障部门批准实行不定时工作制的用人单位，在实行不定时工作制岗位上工作的劳动者，可不执行加班工资的有关规定。实行日薪制和非全日制用工小时工资制的劳动者，若周六、周日提供了劳动，视为正常工作，不享受加班工资待遇。若在法定休假日提供了劳动，则用人单位应按规定支付加班工资。
　　“五一”休七天加班费比例不同
　　据介绍，“五一”期间加班工资的计算标准是，5月1日、2日、3日法定休假日安排劳动者工作的，应按照不低于本人日或小时工资的300%支付加班工资。
　　市劳动和社会保障局强调，计算加班工资的基数不得低于劳动者所在岗位应得的工资报酬；若低于本市最低工资标准，则以本市最低工资标准作为基数。国家机关、事业组织、社会团体的加班工资基数以本人基本工资为基数。另外，实行日薪制和非全日制用工小时工资制的劳动者，若周六、周日提供了劳动，视为正常工作，不享受加班工资待遇。若在法定休息日提供了劳动，则用人单位应按规定支付加班工资。
　　黄金周加班工资计算公式
　　目前，国家规定的职工全年月平均工作天数和工作时间分别为20.92天和167.4小时，职工的日工资和小时工资应按此进行折算。以某职工月岗位应得的工资750元计算，日工资标准约为35.85元，小时工资约为4.48元。元旦加班一天(8小时)，该职工加班费计算公式为：4.48元×300%×8小时＝107.52元；1月2日和3日加班二天(每天加班8小时)，该职工加班费计算公式为：4.48×200%×16小时＝143.36元。如果劳动者加班，用人单位未能按照有关规定支付工资报酬，劳动者可向各级劳动保障监察机构举报投诉。
　　“五一”不得安排三类人加班
　　用人单位不能强迫员工加班，更无权克扣工资。如用人单位事先未与员工及工会协商或者用人单位安排的加班违反了劳动法律法规的有关规定，员工有权拒绝加班。同时有以下情况的不得安排员工加班：
　　1、女员工妊娠期时，不应延长其劳动时间；
　　2、女员工怀孕7个月以上，用人单位不能安排她们加班；
　　3、女员工在哺乳期内，用人单位不能安排她们加班

ENGLISH TRANSLATE

[Edit this paragraph]【Introduction】 FestivalInternational Labour Day, also known as "Labour Day", "International Day demonstrations" (International Labor Day or May Day), is the world's Labour Day in most countries. Set on May 1 of each year. It is the world's "working" a holiday in celebration.
May 1 International Labor Day from Chicago, the city workers strike. May 1, 1886,ChicagoThe 216,816 workers fighting for the eight-hour work but hold the big strike, through arduous and bloody struggle, finally won. To commemorate this great labor movement, in July 1889 the Second International declared May 1 of each year as International Labour Day. This decision immediately positive response from workers around the world. May 1, 1890, Europe and the United States to lead the working class to the streets, held a grand demonstration and assembly, for the legitimate rights and interests. From then on, every day working people around the world should rally, parade, celebration, and public holidays.
[Edit this paragraph]【Origin】 FestivalLabour Day Information
At that time, the United States and many countries in Europe, and gradually developed into the imperialist stage of capitalism, in order to stimulate rapid economic development, to extract more surplus value, in order to protect the high-speed operation of the capitalist machine, the capitalists continue to increase working time and labor-intensive approach to the brutal exploitation of workers.
In the U.S., workers have to work every day from 14 to 16 hours, some even up to 18 hours, but the wages are very low.MassachusettsSupervision of a shoe factory once said the words: "Let a 18-year-old able-bodied able-bodied young man, here beside the work of any one machine, I can make him into a gray hair in the age of 22." Heavy proletarian class oppression aroused great indignation. They know the conditions to fight for survival, only together, through the strike movement and the struggle against the capitalists. Put forward the slogan of the workers strike, is demanding the eight hour working day.
In 1877, the first nationwide strike in U.S. history began. The working class took to the streets demonstrations, to the Government to improve the working and living condition, reduced working hours, the implementation of eight-hour day. Strike soon, the team continues to expand, increase in the number of trade union members, local workers have also participated in the strike movement.
Under strong pressure in the labor movement,U.S. CongressAlthough forced to develop the eight-hour day law. However, the vicious capitalists simply ignore the law just a dead letter, the workers are still in dire straits, and has never tortured capitalists. Intolerable workers decided to fight this fight for the right to life, to a new peak, ready to hold more large-scale strikes.
October 1884,United StatesAndCanadaEight international and national labor organizations, held a meeting in Chicago, decided May 1, 1886 a general strike to force the capitalists to implement the eight-hour working day. The day finally arrived. May 1, the United States more than 20,000 enterprises, 35 million workers took to the streets lay-off, held a massive demonstration, various color, various types of workers together for a general strike. Chicago only a city, there are 45,000 workers took to the streets. This time, the United States, major industrial sector in a paralyzed state, the train became stiff snake shop is silent, all the warehouses are also close and seal. At that time workers in the strike was a popular "eight-hour song," sang the song:
"We must become a kind of world that we are tired of white and hard to get only a bare light work rates, there was never time for us to think. We News smell the flowers, we have to the sun, we believe: God only allows eight-hour working day. We docks, workshops and factories, call our team for eight hours work, eight hours rest and eight hours to himself! "
Passionate voice singing voice of the workers to sing the common wish of the world proletariat, but also infected with the masses, they have solidarity with the strike movement of workers, the strike movement into the new high tide. Strike movement has shown great strength to the Government and the capitalists of great panic, they refused to agree the conditions of the workers, they reveal their ferocious side. May 3, Chicago, the Administration has finally removed the "democratic" mask, the violent repression of workers. They organized a strike destroyer under the protection of the police strike of workers entering into force, deliberately creating confusion as an excuse, shot and killed six workers on the spot. The atrocities aroused great indignation among the city workers, they determined to avenge the dead workers brothers!
The event is organized by the International Workers of non-governmental organizations, the activities center in Chicago, businessmen and the government demonstrated the activity more and more revolutionary feel fear, local business leaders asked to increase the number of police and army. Commercial Club of Chicago in 2000 dollars to buy guns for the alert to deal with the strike, on May 1 of this procession was the Chicago textile workers, shoe workers, a lot of support workers, housing renovation, May 3, police began to strike the crowd opened fire, killing four people wounded, some non-government rally in the square the next day to call for a serious protest against the government's violent repression.
This assembly process without incident, but in the end a speaker mounted the podium, and it began to rain, the square only a few hundred people, 180 police entered the square dispersal, when a bomb fly the middle to the police, killing one and wounding seven policemen, police immediately opened fire on the crowd, killing one and wounding several people.
Unable to determine who threw the bomb, the incident became a Labor Day parade attack the handle, the police raid suspect's home and office objects, hundreds of people under arrest without charges, especially those of the event leader is attacked , 8 active advocate of the Chicago activities were allegations of conspiracy and attempted bombing square, the court in the absence of sufficient evidence to trial, the verdict of which 4 were on November 11, 1887 hanging. (Another suicide in prison, the other three were released until 1893).
[Edit this paragraph]Significance】 【FestivalMay 1, 1886 The fight is being suppressed, but after that all countries of the working class continue to struggle, finally won the "8-hour day" and "Labour Day." The festival will always be with workers throughout the world, as the protection of labor rights.Workers through the struggle with the stubborn, indomitable fighting spirit of the heroic, to secure their legitimate rights and interests of human civilization, democracy and progress in history.
To commemorate this great labor movement, in July 1889, the Organization held in EngelsSecond InternationalAnnounced the establishment of the General Assembly every year on May 1 as International Labor Day, referred to as "51." This decision immediately positive response from workers around the world. May 1, 1890, Europe and the United States to lead the working class to the streets, held a grand demonstration and assembly, for the legitimate rights and interests. From then on, every day, working people around the world have to assembly, of procession and celebration.
[Edit this paragraph]】 【Chinese festivals　　
OriginChinese people celebrate the Labour Day activities can be traced back to 1918. This year, a number of revolutionary intellectuals in Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou introduced to the mass distribution of "51" flyers.
May 1, 1920,Beijing,Shanghai,Canton,Jiujiang,TangshanAnd other industrial cities of the working masses enormously towards the downtown, held a massive demonstration, assembly.ZhaoSpecialized in "New Youth"Published" "51" movement history "to introduce" 51 "section of the history of workers in countries such as U.S. law mark" 51 "campaign, calling on Chinese workers this year" 51 "as the awakening of the dates. Chen also made to celebrate the holiday, "women workers in Hunan, Shanghai Welfare spinning" article, exposed the capitalist exploitation of workers in the truth of surplus value. Chen shipping warehouse in Shanghai Federation of Industry were "working class's consciousness," the speech, explained, "Labor Creates the World," "people who work the most precious the most useful" point of view. In Beijing, some young people out publicity, dissemination, "May 1 Labor Declaration," to arouse the workers against exploitation, to fight for their rights. This is the first commemoration of "51" International Day of the activities, but also the history of China's first "51" Labor Day.
1921 "51" on the eve of the communist group in Beijing in the summer the members of Deng, who founded the school Changxindian tutorial work, workers learn to sing "51 Memorial Song." The lyrics are: "Beautiful, free, world stars, fight my blood, for his sacrifice, we should remove all power system, the net, remember May 1 of the Auspicious. Red flag flying, emptied of Ming Road, Building on Strengths, gain need, regardless of rich and poor, the only responsibility of mutual aid, we would like to Sarkozy ahead. "This is the first majestic powerful song, Changxindian labor practice by school teachers and the progress of Beijing University students formed a common Creating.
September 1999, the State Council to reform the system of the new statutory holidays, annualNational DaySpring Festival and the "51" statutory holiday plus days off, national holiday for 7 days. Since then, the three "Golden Week" set off the spending of heat to become the new highlight in our economic life,Holiday EconomyBecome relish a new topic. Has been basically formed. From November 9, 2007, through multi-country study demonstrated more adjustment programs in the PRC statutory holidays, Xinhua, the National Development and Reform Commission website, as well as Sina, Sohu and other sites to publish and carry out opinion polls. Adjustment covers the Spring Festival, Chinese New Year holiday starting time from the first month started this adjustment for the New Year's Eve; "51" by 7 days to adjust to 3 days, a decrease of 4 days; Tomb Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn additional statutory holiday, the holiday one day . Golden Week will be history.
SignificanceInternational Labor Day is about the workers through the struggle, with tenacity, courage and unyielding fighting spirit to secure their legitimate rights and interests, is the historical progress of human civilization and democracy, this is the essence of Labour Day. Therefore, it was such a focus on Labor Day.
NewbornAfter the founding of new China, the Central People's Government Administration Council in December 1949 to May 1 Labor Day as a statutory, national holiday. Every year on this day, celebrating the country, people are wearing festive costumes, happily gathered in parks, theaters, squares, celebrate the meetings or participate in various sports and recreational activities, and to recognize outstanding contributions of workers.
[Edit this paragraph]【】 FestivalsAnnual "51," International Labor Day came around again, to commemorate the unity of working people around the world fighting festival, usually held around the world celebrate accordingly. However, not all countries will be on May 1 as Labor Day 定, those in the off "51" countries, the specific way to celebrate and habits vary greatly, a Qilai Women may wish to look at other countries, how the degree of some through Labor Day.
Thailand -
In the "51" National Unity day off, there will be some big cities in the capital and related celebrations, but generally do not scale too. 1, a holiday in Thailand this year, 2 compensatory.
Russia -
May 1-3 National Day holiday, when the political parties will gather in Red Square, so to speak, ordinary citizens will hold processions.
Germany -
1 day off, weekend and 51 this year coincide, but only one day a German, and not compensatory. It is reported that each year many people in Germany will take 51 this opportunity to make trouble, to protest the government to require tax cuts. This year is no exception, there are disturbances from the 30th until the 1st place, many supermarkets looted, cars smashed, burned.
Peru -
1 holiday, on the 2nd day off. No celebration.
Poland -
1 holiday, as is the 3rd National Day of Poland, and some units will be closed from 1 to 3. May 1, the Polish national union councils, the Democratic Left Alliance Party, Social Democratic Party, labor union and other left-wing groups and political parties held a celebration of "51" mass procession, the procession the banner of "8-hour working day" and other slogans .
United States -
Coincides with the weekend, the United States 30, 1, to take a holiday, but in the past only in the 1 day off, no celebration.
Italy -
Italy acknowledged "51" International Labor Day, the Government also said respect for labor, but in general people are not held in special celebration, there is no national "May 1" holiday.
Mexico -
May 1 this year is Children's Day in Mexico, but Mexico is not a national holiday. Previously had in the 51-day strike this or processions, but this year did not.
[Edit this paragraph]【Related Topics】　　
Special 51May Day's origins, in addition to Europe, but also a "Labor Day" the holiday. Such as the United States, the U.S. Labor Day is not 51, but every year on Sept. 2, the so-called Labour Day, literal translation would be "Workers Day" or "Labor Day", though, "Labour Day" in originated in the 19th century, the United States.
That was 1886, the U.S. strikes the center of Chicago. May 1 nationwide strike to paralyze the U.S. economy. 3 years later, in 1889, workers at the Paris International Conference will be held on May 1st as "International Day" to commemorate the United States led to the Chicago workers strike. Thereafter, on May 1 became a symbol of solidarity of workers worldwide.
Serious and the carnival of the DayFrom the original intent of the recent Labour Day in some Asian countries than trade unions fight for workers rights rally in May. In the Philippines and Thailand, when on May 1, the trade unions will organize people into the streets to fight for higher wages and the basic right to struggle.
Look at South America, Brazil's "May Day." Trade union organization came forward march rally, but the people involved are mostly ordinary people. This continued a week-long festival. People dressed in colorful clothes, high-spirited mood, singing and dancing. Insiders know that this is a for justice, employment and higher wages for the struggle; not insiders thought it was a carnival in Brazil too!
"51" overtime"51" golden weeks immediately to, for office workers who work overtime during the holiday season, how much should be paid compensation after labor? Learned from the labor security supervision organs, as from April 1 this year, adjusted the minimum wage, so this year's "May 1" Golden Week overtime minimum wage be increased accordingly.
The new minimum wage overtime calculation
The implementation of monthly-paid workers, employers to pay overtime wages in its calculation of daily wage workers themselves can be unified by the monthly wage divided by the number of days on the system for conversion. Annual average monthly number of employees working for the 20.92 days, on average working time of 167.4 hours, daily and hourly wages of workers should be discounted here.
According to newly released city 670 yuan minimum monthly wage calculation, daily wage standard is about 670 yuan ÷ 20.92 天 32.03 yuan / day; hourly wage of about 32.03 yuan ÷ 8 hours 4 yuan / hour. May 1 to 3, employees work overtime every 1 day (8 hours), the overtime pay is calculated as 32.03 yuan × 300% × 1 天 96.09 yuan / day; such as 4 to 7 May to work overtime, the employer should First of all arrangements for workers compensatory, compensatory leave can not be arranged, and 1 day (8 hour) of overtime pay formula for 32.03 yuan × 200% × 1 天 64.06 yuan / day.
How to determine overtime pay 300%
In accordance with the "Labor Law" and "Tianjin wage payment requirements," this year "51" golden weeks, the first three days are statutory holidays, that is, May 1, 2, 3, overtime workers enterprises should be in accordance with the employees no less than daily or hourly wage, pay overtime wages to 300%. 4 days after a rest day, that is, on May 4, 5, 6, 7, overtime, the employer should first arrange workers compensatory, compensatory leave can not be arranged, and in accordance with the employees no less than day salary or hourly wage, pay overtime wages to 200%.
In addition, the base for calculating overtime pay shall not be less than the worker's wages where the job should be paid; if less than the minimum wage in the city, Zeyi city new minimum wage as the base. Furthermore, a piece-rate wage workers, in the "51" to work on statutory holidays, according to the statutory working time of not less than 300% piece rate of wages paid; to work on rest days, according to the piece not less than the statutory working hours Price paid 200% of compensation.
Employers can not force overtime
Employers can not force workers to work overtime. As the production and management needs of the employer, after consultation with trade unions and workers can work longer hours, usually not more than one hour a day; for special reasons to extend the working hours of laborers in the protection of health conditions, longer working hours not more than three hours a day, but not more than 36 hours per month. If the employer violates the above provisions, the right of workersRefusalOvertime.
In addition, more than 7 months pregnant female workers, the employer may arrange to extend their working hours and night shifts. Not to assign women breastfeeding babies under one year stipulated by the State during the third stage in physical strength of labor and lactation taboo in other labor, shall not cause the extension of working hours and night shifts.
In special conditions, the employer requires the employee to work longer hours, the employee can not refuse: The first event of natural disasters, accidents or for other reasons, threatening life and health of workers and property in need of emergency treatment; Second, production equipment , transportation routes, public facilities that affects production and public interests must be promptly repair; Third, the law and administrative regulations of the other cases.
Taken together, how to pay for overtime hours
Approved by the labor security department to implement an integrated system of calculating working time employer, the consolidated total actual working time period over the total working time of part of the statutory standard, as extended working hours, shall not be less than my hourly wage of 150 % pay overtime wages; for working on statutory holidays, and I shall not be less than daily or hourly wage, pay overtime wages to 300%.
Approval by the labor and social security work to implement the system from time to time the employing unit, in the implementation of the system to work irregular workers on the job, from time to implement the relevant provisions of overtime pay. Implementation of full-time or daily basis and non-wage workers labor hours, if on Saturdays and Sundays to provide the labor, as work, not entitled to overtime wages. If statutory holidays provided the labor, the employer should be required to pay overtime wages.
"51" off-the proportion of different seven-day overtime
According to reports, "51" during the calculation of overtime pay standard is May 1, 2, 3, for working on statutory holidays, the day I shall not be less than 300% of wages or hours of overtime pay .
Municipal Labor and Social Security Bureau stressed that the calculation of overtime pay shall not be less than the employee base and posts to get their wages paid; if less than the minimum wage in the city, Zeyi the minimum wage as the base city. State organs, institutional organizations, social groups, overtime pay the basic wage base to my base. In addition, the implementation of a daily wage system and wage system of part-time employment hours for workers, if on Saturdays and Sundays to provide the labor, as work, not entitled to overtime wages. If the statutory rest days to provide the labor, the employer should be required to pay overtime wages.
Golden Week overtime formula
Currently, state regulations the Annual and Monthly average number of working days and working time was 20.92 days and 167.4 hours, daily and hourly wages of workers should be discounted here. To a staff position on the wages of 750 yuan shall be calculated, the standard daily wage of about 35.85 yuan, hourly wage of about 4.48 yuan. Overtime on New Year's day (8 hours), the employee overtime pay is calculated as: 4.48 yuan × 300% × 8 hours = 107.52 yuan; January 2 and 3 extra days (8 hours overtime per day), the calculation of employee overtime The formula for: 4.48 × 200% × 16 hours = 143.36 yuan. If the worker to work overtime, the employer failed to pay wages in accordance with relevant provisions of the remuneration, the worker may apply to the labor security supervision organs at all levels of reporting and complaint.
"51" three categories of persons not allowed to work overtime
Employers can not force employees to work overtime, no right to wage deduction. If the employer without prior consultation with staff and trade union or employer arranges for overtime in violation of labor laws and regulations of the relevant provisions of the employee the right to refuse overtime. At the same time the following circumstances shall not be arranged for staff to work overtime:
1, female employees during pregnancy, should not extend their working time;
2, female employees more than 7 months pregnant, the employer can not arrange for them to work overtime;
3, female employees in the nursing period, the employer can not arrange for them to work overtime.